Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße 93

The administration of the German-Israelite congregation was located in Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße between 1906 and 1916.

Johnsallee 54
historia-app.de/juedische-geschichte-in-hamburg/

„The congregation house built by the German-Israelite Congregation at Johnsallee 54 had rooms for children’s meals and a kindergarten in the basement and on the ground floor. On the 2nd floor was a youth home open to all Jewish youth clubs. In addition to the Jewish Vocational Guidance Service and the Ivria Hebrew Language School, the library and reading hall, which was founded in 1910 and had initially been housed at Bieberstraße 4, was also located here. [...] The buildings at Johnsallee 54 and 68 temporarily housed the Siloah Hospital of the Jewish Religious Association during the war. At the end of 1942, the congregation house had to be forcibly sold by the Jewish congregation. Today it is a residential building.“ (From: Michael Studemund-Halévy / Anna Menny, Ort und Erinnerung. Ein historischer Streifzug durch das jüdische Hamburg von 1930, Hamburg 2013, p. 58.)

Rothenbaumchaussee 38
Ina Lorenz, The Founding of a new Jewish Congregation in Hamburg (1945). The Twelve “Founding Fathers.” Hendrik Althoff, Rothenbaumchaussee 38: The Treatment of Jewish Property in the Postwar Period
historia-app.de/juedische-geschichte-in-hamburg/

„The house at Rothenbaumchaussee 38, acquired in 1916, was inaugurated by the German-Israelite Congregation in 1916 after a reconstruction by government architect Ernst Friedheim. The residential building, now three storeys high, had a representative hall, two meeting rooms, an archive and a lecture room. In 1939, after structural changes, the community centre was used as an office building by the Security Police with the Jewish Department of the Secret State Police [Geheime Staatspolizei]. From here SS main captain [Hauptsturmbannführer] organized the deportations of Hamburg's Jews. In 1943, the Secret State Police’s Foreigners’ Department moved into the building, which also housed three prison cells. After the war, 72 survivors of the Nazi regime founded the Jewish congregation of Hamburg in the building, which moved to premises in Schäferkampsallee in 1950. The Jewish congregation gave up the house in 1960, and today it is used as a residential building with commercial space.“ (From: Michael Studemund-Halévy / Anna Menny, Ort und Erinnerung. Ein historischer Streifzug durch das jüdische Hamburg von 1930, Hamburg 2013, p. 59.) More on the reestablishment of the Jewish congregation in the summer of 1945:

Neugraben

Since the 1920s, the agricultural school Schalom was located in Neugraben.

[junction area of Lange Straße into Pepermölenbek]
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One of the gates of the Altona Eruv was located at Schlachterbuden; it probably existed from the late 17th century until the 1930s and served as a symbolic enclosure for observing the Shabbat commandments.

Dammtorstraße 32
agora.sub.uni-hamburg.de/subhh-adress/digbib/view

The Mendelssohn banking house had been located in Dammtorstraße since 1883. Until 1888 there is an entry in the Hamburg address books under this address.

Jungfernstieg 34

Salomon Heine had his bank on Jungfernstieg blown up in the Great Hamburg Fire of 1842 to stop the fire from spreading. He supported the reconstruction of the destroyed city with generous loans. (See: Hendrik Althoff, Das jüdische Zentrum Hamburgs. Jüdisches Leben in der Hamburger Alt- und Neustadt vom 16. bis ins frühe 20. Jahrhundert, Hamburg 2020, pp. 13f.)

Unnastraße 48
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After Oscar Troplowitz acquired Paul C. Beiersdorf’s laboratory in 1890, he had a factory building built for the production of body care products, plasters and medicines two years later, that still houses Beiersdorf’s headquarters today.

Thadenstraße 122

In order to provide accommodation or care for the needy, numerous wealthy Hamburg Jews donated "charitable institutions" or made foundation houses available, especially in the 19th century. Destitute persons, without distinction of denomination, were to be able to live in the initially 20 free flats that Benjamin Leja, who died in 1870, had set up first in Große Bergstraße and then in Große Gärtnerstraße (today Thadenstraße 122).

Große Bergstraße 250–250c

First occupancy: 1869 / Foundation for free housing for Jews and Christians / donator: Benjamin Leja

Philosophenweg 29

First occupancy: 1905 / Foundation for free housing for Jewish and Christian women / donator: Pius Warburg

Rutschbahn 11

The bookshop B. Lambig was located in the basement of the house Rutschbahn 11, in 1932 it moved to the raised ground floor.

Grindelhof
Harald Schmid, The November Pogroms and the Culture of Remembrance – the “Synagogue Monument” by Margrit Kahl
gedenkstaetten-in-hamburg.de/gedenkstaetten/zeige/synagoge-am-bornplatz-synagogenmonument-und-wandgemaelde-im-pferdestall historia-app.de/juedische-geschichte-in-hamburg/

With the influx of many community members, Jewish life flourished in the so-called Grindelviertel from the late 19th century onwards. In 1906, the largest and until then only free-standing synagogue in Hamburg was inaugurated here. It was designed by the architects Semmy Engel and Ernst Friedheim. It had 700 seats for men and, in accordance with Orthodox tradition, 500 seats for women in a separate area on the galleries. In addition, there was a choir loft with 30 to 40 seats, a lecture hall, and offices on the upper floor of the house of worship, which was the largest synagogue at the time. Its façade was covered with brown clinker and brown glazed bricks. In an adjoining outbuilding was a weekday synagogue, in the basement of which a ritual bath (mikvah) had been set up.
After the synagogue was destroyed during the “Night of Broken Glass” on 9 November 1938, it had to be forcibly demolished the following year at the expense of the community and the property transferred back to the town at a price far below its value. At that time, Joseph Carlebach, who had been appointed to the Bornplatz Synagogue in 1936, was the chief rabbi of the Orthodox synagogue association within the Jewish community. On 6 December 1941, he was deported to the Jungfernhof concentration camp near Riga, Latvia, where he, his wife, and three of his daughters were murdered three months later.
On the site of the former synagogue, a floor mosaic by the artist Margit Kahl has been on display since 1988. The dark granite cubes mark the floor plan of the synagogue and reproduce the lines of the vaulted ceiling. Like a stigmata, this monument draws attention to the emptiness that has been left behind here. At the beginning of 2021, the Hamburg Senate decided, following the wishes of the Jewish community, that a new synagogue should be built on Joseph-Carlebach-Platz. The implementation and appearance are currently being discussed.

Rathausmarkt
gedenkstaetten-in-hamburg.de/gedenkstaetten/zeige/heinrich-heine-denkmal

History: Heinrich Heine (1797–1856) was a poet opposed by the National Socialists because of his Jewish origins and his works. The books of the poet, who was defamed as “Jewish degenerate” by the Nazi regime, were burned, and the monuments commemorating him were removed. For example, a monument created by Hugo Lederer in the Stadtpark was melted down. Remembrance: On May 11, 1982, a new Heine monument was inaugurated in Hamburg. The initiative came from the Heine Society, founded in 1977, and from the Jewish writer Arie Goral. The bronze sculpture, created by Waldemar Otto, was financed by private and public funds. The figure of a pensive Heinrich Heine stands on a granite pedestal with four bronze reliefs. Explanatory texts recall the burning of books and the destruction of the old Heine monument by the Nazis.

Harvestehuder Weg 12
Silke Reuther, The Hall of Mirrors from Hamburg's Budge Palais

The so-called Budge-Palais was a villa built in 1884 by the architect Martin Haller, which Henry and Emma Budge had acquired around 1900 and had converted into a palais. From 1909, the Hall of Mirrors served as a banqueting hall for celebrations or charity events. Since 1987 it has been part of the Hamburg Museum of Arts and Crafts [Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe (MKG)] and is located there in the North Courtyard.

Fuhlentwiete 20
Arno Herzig, Gabriel Riesser and the Emancipation Debate in Hamburg

The lawyer Gabriel Riesser, who was one of the pioneers in the fight for the emancipation of Jews, temporarily maintained business premises here.

Grindelhof 59
juedische-geschichte-online.net/ausstellung/frauenleben cafeleonar.de

In the Grindelviertel, the former centre of Jewish life in Hamburg, "Café Leonar", a coffee house with Jewish culture and Mediterranean cuisine, opened in January 2008. Since then, the café has been a meeting place in the district. In addition to coffee and cake, the non-kosher café offers Israeli-Oriental dishes. A passageway leads to the rear part of the building, which is home to the "Jüdischer Salon am Grindel" and its events.

Bornkampsweg

Laid out in 1871, mourning hall c. 1871 by architect Hartick, renovated in 1879 by A. Petersen, destroyed (See: Kurt Goldenberg, Der Kultus- und Profanbau der Juden. Erläutert an Hand von Hamburg-Altona-Wandsbek, Dresden 1922, p. 84; Ursula Dinse, Das vergessene Erbe. Jüdische Baudenkmale in Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 1995, p. 253).

Königstraße 10a
www.dasjuedischehamburg.de/bilder/friedhof-k%C3%B6nigsstra%C3%9Fe-sefardisch www.dasjuedischehamburg.de/bilder/friedhof-k%C3%B6nigsstra%C3%9Fe-aschkenasisch historia-app.de/juedische-geschichte-in-hamburg/

The site on today’s Königstraße in Altona was acquired by Sephardic Jews in 1611. Shortly afterwards, the Ashkenazi congregation also acquired a burial ground in the immediate vicinity. Today, about 7,000 gravestones and fragments are still preserved in the area of just under 20,000 square meter. The cemetery has been a listed building since 1960.

Försterweg

Created in 1887, mourning hall of 1887, destroyed (See: Ulrich Bauche, Vierhundert Jahre Juden in Hamburg. Eine Ausstellung des Museums für Hamburgische Geschichte vom 8.11.1991 bis 29.3.1992, Hamburg 1991, p. 322).

Ottenser Hauptstraße 10 (Mercado)
Ina Lorenz, The Case of the Jewish Cemetery in Ottensen
gedenkstaetten-in-hamburg.de/gedenkstaetten/zeige/gedenktafeln-und-wandbild-fuer-den-ehemaligen-juedischen-friedhof-ottensen

“On October 28, 1661 Ashkenazi Jews from Hamburg bought a burial ground on Holstein territory in the Danish-ruled town of Ottensen. The cemetery had been established on open ground. In the course of the following decades the cemetery’s location on the outskirts changed due to beginning settlement. In the Wilhelmine era it came to be located in the midst of an area of commercial and industrial use in the now Prussian town of Altona, which in 1937 was incorporated into the city of Hamburg. During the Second World War the Wehrmacht built an air raid shelter on the cemetery grounds, which destroyed a significant number of graves.” (From: Ina Lorenz, The Case of the Jewish Cemetery in Ottensen [translated by Insa Kummer], in: Key Documents of German-Jewish History, 04.09.2018.)

Jenfelder Straße
www.geschichtomat.de/orte/geschichten

Laid out in 1886, mourning hall with tahara room for the ritual washing of the deceased and guard’s apartment, destroyed in 1886/87.

Königsreihe
gedenkstaetten-in-hamburg.de/gedenkstaetten/zeige/alter-juedischer-friedhof-wandsbek-und-gedenkstein-fuer-rabbiner-simon-bamberger www.geschichtomat.de/orte/geschichten

History: The Jewish cemetery on Königsreihe existed from 1637 (or 1675) until 1884. The Schleswig-Holstein government closed the cemetery in 1884 because it was fully occupied. The “Totenkammer” [mortuary] structure from 1884 is located on the grounds, and by then approximately 1,200 burials had taken place there. During the Nazi regime the cemetery was desecrated several times and had to be sold by force in 1942. The cemetery was further destroyed by bomb damage, and parts of the grounds were also stolen in order to obtain wood and stones for heating and as building material. It was not until 1960 that the cemetery was placed under a preservation order. About 850 gravestones are still preserved today. Remembrance: A memorial stone commemorates Wandsbek’s last rabbi, Doctor Simon Bamberger (1872–1961). At Dotzauer Weg, a memorial stone commemorates the former Wandsbek synagogue.

Auf dem Schwarzenberg
gedenkstaetten-in-hamburg.de/gedenkstaetten/zeige/alter-juedischer-friedhof-harburg www.geschichtomat.de/orte/geschichten

History: A Jewish burial ground in Harburg can be traced back to the 17th century (established in 1614 or 1690). The Jewish cemetery was used as a burial ground for the Jewish congregations in Harburg, Winsen / Luhe, Tostedt and Lüneburg. There are 239 preserved gravestones. In 1813 the cemetery was severely damaged by entrenchments of French soldiers and had to be rebuilt. In 1857 a mortuary was built and in 1900 a supplementary prayer room. The last burial in the Harburg Jewish cemetery took place in 1935. The cemetery was desecrated in the aftermath of the November pogrom of 1938 and the mortuary was destroyed by arson and demolished in 1939. In 1943, the cemetery was forcibly taken over by the Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Monument: In memory of the Jewish soldiers from Harburg who died in World War I, the Jewish congregation erected a monument at the entrance in 1921. A plaque erected by the Harburg district office in 1992 at the site of the house of the dead commemorates its destruction during the Nazi era. A mourning hall was built in 1856 and extended in 1877 and 1900, destroyed in 1938. Possibly there was a mikveh for purification after burial.

Bellealliancestraße
Julie Grimmeisen, Haute Couture from Israel. Designer Galia Lahav and Hamburg’s Past as a Place for Jewish Fashion Houses

The Hans Steinberg & Co coat factory did particularly well in raincoat production.

Westerstraße 27 [kleine Einbahnstraße zwischen Klostertor und Münzviertel]
juedische-geschichte-online.net/ausstellung/migration

At the end of the 19th century, Daniel Wormser provided food and clothes for Jews of Russian origin who were waiting to be shipped overseas in Hamburg. In 1884 he founded the Support Association for the Homeless. After his death, the association established the Daniel Wormser House in 1909 to house and feed transients. Later, the house became the responsibility of the Jewish congregation, but it had to cease operations in 1942. Today, neither the building nor the street exist. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, pp. 111f.)

Jungfernstieg 16–20 (Alsterhaus)

The Tietz department stores had been operating in various major German cities since 1882, with the Hamburg branch on Jungfernstieg being the last to open. The modern department store was “aryanised” early on after the National Socialists came to power and bore the name “Alsterhaus” from as early as 1935. (See: Hendrik Althoff, Das jüdische Zentrum Hamburgs. Jüdisches Leben in der Hamburger Alt- und Neustadt vom 16. bis ins frühe 20. Jahrhundert, Hamburg 2020, p. 13.)

Schäferkampsallee (25–27) 29
Alexandra Klei, Design plans for the Jewish retirement home

“In 1898, the German-Israelite Congregation of Hamburg [Deutsch-Israelitische Gemeinde] acquired a building at Schäferkampsallee 29 and opened a nursing home with a synagogue to provide free accommodation and care for destitute people in need. The building was expanded in 1910 and 1935 and was finally able to accommodate 35 people. In 1928, the neighboring houses nos. 25 and 27 were also purchased to establish a training workshop for young people planning to leave for Palestine. A Jewish soup kitchen was also built here. Together with the neighboring properties 25 and 27, house no. 29 was designated a so-called Judenhaus [Jewish house] from the beginning of 1940. Its residents were deported to Riga in December 1942 and to Theresienstadt between July 1942 and June 1943. From May 1945, surviving Jews were able to use the undamaged building no. 29 again before it was sold and demolished in the 1960s.” (From: Alexandra Klei, Design plans for the Jewish retirement home [translated by Insa Kummer], in: Key Documents of German-Jewish History, 14.06.2021.)

Bundesstraße 96
Diana Matut, Ivonne Meybohm, Founding of the Jewish Sports Club Bar Kochba, 1910

On February 19, 1898 the Eimsbütteler Turnverband (ETV) was founded. The association’s gymnasium was completed in 1910. The “head of the association” Julius Sparbier had designed it and was also responsible for the fact that so-called “gymnastics crosses” [Turnerkreuze] were walled into the facade of the hall. (See: ETV Hamburg, History. From the beginnings to today, https://etv-hamburg.de/ueber-den-verein/geschichte/?id=5ac5cc5abe317 [Oct. 14, 2021].)

Neuer Wall 13/15
Julie Grimmeisen, Haute Couture from Israel. Designer Galia Lahav and Hamburg’s Past as a Place for Jewish Fashion Houses

On March 1, 1939, as a result of the “Aryanization” of Jewish businesses, the East India House was transferred from Heinrich Colm to Hans Baumann. (See: State Archive Hamburg, 131-4 Senatskanzlei – Präsidialabteilung, 1939 S II 16, Bl. 8, in: Die Hamburger Juden im NS-Staat 1933 bis 11938/39. Vol. VI – Dokumente, ed. by Ina Lorenz / Jörg Berkemann, Göttingen 2016, p. 90.)

Ludwig-Erhard-Straße 7

Privately endowed educational institution in 1798.

Veddeler Bogen 2
juedische-geschichte-online.net/ausstellung/migration

After the emigrants, who came mainly from the Russian Empire and whose numbers had increased rapidly since the 1880s, were initially accommodated in barracks on Amerikaquai, HAPAG opened modern emigrant halls on Veddel in 1902, which were also equipped with a synagogue and a kosher dining hall, among other things. Today, the private BallinStadt [BallinCity] Emigration Museum is located on the site.

Mönckebergstraße, Ecke Bergstraße
Barbara Müller-Wesemann, Martha Glass. “Every day in Theresin is a gift”

In 1911, Hermann Glass opened a fashion store on the corner of Mönckebergstraße and Bergstraße. The “Glass House” - the name of the building was also inscribed in a mosaic in the pavement - was built by the architect Fritz Höger. However, the fashion store went bankrupt the following year. Hermann Glass continued to have his offices there.

Bleichenbrücke
Julie Grimmeisen, Haute Couture from Israel. Designer Galia Lahav and Hamburg’s Past as a Place for Jewish Fashion Houses

Fashion store opened in 1892 by Leo Robinsohn, which moved to Neuer Wall in 1901.

Neuer Wall 25–33
Julie Grimmeisen, Haute Couture from Israel. Designer Galia Lahav and Hamburg’s Past as a Place for Jewish Fashion Houses

In 1901, Leo Robinsohn was able to move his shop, which had originally opened at Bleichenbrücken, to new premises on Neuer Wall.

Lübecker Straße 1 [heute: Wandsbeker Marktstraße 57]
www.stolpersteine-hamburg.de/index.php www.geschichtomat.de/orte/geschichten

Fashion store for women’s clothing, which was run by Lina Kümmermann (née Korn).

Schedestraße 4

First occupancy: 1910 / Foundation for free housing for Jews and Christians / 9th collegiate building of the Vaterstädtische Stiftung [Hometown Foundation] / Donators: Laura Beit, née Hahn, and Otto Beit

Baustraße 33 [heute Hinrichsenstraße]

First occupancy: 1887 / Foundation for free housing for Jewish and Christian residents / Donator: Hometown Foundation / 3rd collegiate building of the Vaterstädtischen Stiftung [Hometown Foundation].

Eichholz 43
Angela Schwarz, The First Civic Foundation in Hamburg – Housing for Jews and Christians

First occupancy: 1851 / Foundation for free housing for Jewish and Christian families / 1st collegiate building of the later Vaterstädtischen Stiftung [Hometown Foundation]

Grabenstraße 30/31

First occupancy: 1878 / Foundation for free housing for Jewish and Christian residents / Donator: Hometown Foundation / 2nd collegiate building of the Vaterstädtischen Stiftung [Hometown Foundation].

Großneumarkt 54–57

First occupancy: 1854 / Foundation for free housing for Orthodox congregation members / donator: Hertz Joseph Levy

Kurzer Kamp 6

First occupancy: 1953 / Foundation for free housing / collegiate building of the Vaterstädtische Stiftung [Hometown Foundation]

Bundesstraße 43

First occupancy: 1890 / Foundation for free housing for Jewish and Christian residents / donator: John R. Warburg

Schauenburger Straße

First occupancy: 1854 / Foundation for free housing for Jews and Christians / donator: Julius Ernst Oppenheim

Frickestraße 26
Beate-Christine Fiedler, Family Names and Matters of Identity. Hans Julius Oppenheim’s Petition

First occupancy: 1909 / New building with free housing for Jews and Christians / 7th collegiate building of the Vaterstädtischen Stiftung [Hometown Foundation]

Schedestraße 23–43

First occupancy: 1910, 1918, 1932 / Foundation for free housing for Jews and Christians / donator: Betty Rée, née Calvary

Schlachterstraße 40–42 [heute: Großneumarkt 38]
Angela Schwarz, The First Civic Foundation in Hamburg – Housing for Jews and Christians

First occupancy: 1837 / 1st Jewish foundation for free housing for Jewish congregation members / donator: Lazarus Gumpel

Schlachterstraße 46–48 [Großneumarkt 38]
Angela Schwarz, The First Civic Foundation in Hamburg – Housing for Jews and Christians

New building with free housing for Jewish congregation members, first occupancy: 1882

Bornstraße 22

First occupancy: 1902 / Foundation for free housing for members of the DIG [German-Israelite Congregation] and the PJG [Portugese-Jewish congregation] / donator: Louis Levy

Durchschnitt 1

First occupancy: 1915 / 2nd foundation building with free housing for members of the DIG [German-Israelite Congregation] and the PJG [Portugese-Jewish congregation]

Durchschnitt 8

First occupancy: 1916 / 3rd foundation building with free housing for members of the DIG [German-Israelite Congregation] and the PJG [Portugese-Jewish congregation]

Schlachterstraße 40–42 [heute: Großneumarkt 38]

First occupancy: 1884 / Foundation for free housing for Jewish congregation members / property of the German-Israelite Congregation / donator: Marcus Nordheim

Frickestraße 24

First occupancy: 1897 / foundation for free housing for elderly single women / donator: Martin Brunn / since 1909 5th collegiate building of the Vaterstädtische Stiftung [Hometown Foundation]

Breitenfelder Straße

First occupancy: 1899 / Foundation for free housing for Jews and Christians / donators: Martin and Clara Heimann

Löwenstraße 79

First occupancy: 1903 / 2nd collegiate building with free housing for Jews and Christians

Martinistraße 83

First occupancy: 1913 / 3rd collegiate building with free housing for Jews and Christians

Kielortallee 25

First occupancy: 1927 / Foundation for free housing for Jews and Christians / donators: Max and Mathilde Bauer / 10th collegiate building of the Vaterstädtischen Stiftung [Hometown Foundation]

Kurzer Kamp 2

First occupancy: 1930 / Foundation for free housing for Jews and Christians / donators: Theodor Mendelson and Philipp and Henriette Israel, née Masson / since 1945 collegiate building of the Vaterstädtische Stiftung [Hometown Foundation]

Schaarmarkt 28/29

First occupancy: 1878 / Foundation for free housing for Jewish congregation members / donator: Salomon David Kalker

Rutschbahn 25 a–d

In 1904, the Minkel Salomon David Kalker-Foundation moved into a new building with free housing for Jewish congregation members.

Agathenstraße 3

First occupancy: 1902 / Foundation for free housing for Jewish women / donator: Nanny Jonas

Kurzer Kamp 2

First occupancy: 1959 / new building / foundation for free housing / collegiate building of the Vaterstädtische Stiftung [Hometown Foundation]

Sonninstraße 12–16 [heute: Biernatzkistraße]

First occupancy: 1901 / Foundation for free housing (with synagogue) for Jewish congregation members / donator: Salomon Joseph Hertz

Bundesstraße 35

First occupancy: 1896 / Foundation for free housing for Jewish congregation members / donator: Samuel Levy

Kleiner Schäferkamp 32

First occupancy: 1891 / Foundation for free housing for Jewish congregation members / donator: Leonard Lewisohn

Schedestraße 2

First occupancy: 1906 / Foundation for free housing for Jews and Christians / 6th collegiate building of the Vaterstädtische Stiftung [Hometown Foundation] (today: Werner Sutor Foundation)

Neuer Steinweg 77/78

First occupancy: 1900 / Foundation for free housing for Orthodox congregation members / donators: married couples Lazarus Samson Cohn and Levy Joseph Levy

Kielortallee 26

First occupancy: 1930 / Foundation for free housing for Jews and Christians / 11th collegiate building of the Vaterstädtische Stiftung [Hometown Foundation]

Tornquiststraße 19b

First occupancy: 1899 / Foundation for free housing for Jews and Christians / 4th collegiate building of the Vaterstädtische Stiftung [Hometown Foundation] (today: Hirsch Marcus Cohen Foundation)

Bogenstraße 25/27

First occupancy: 1914 / Foundation for free housing for Jewish congregation members / donator: Emil May

Hallerstraße 24

2nd foundation building with free housing for Jewish congregation members, first occupancy: 1933

Dillstraße 15

First occupancy: 1903 / Foundation for free housing for Jewish congregation members / donators: Simon and Mathilde Hesse, née Heilbut

(the street was located where today there is a trade fair hall below the television tower)
www.stolpersteine-hamburg.de

The furniture factory of Isaac Daniel Heymann (1820–1894) was located here, and the exhibition rooms were at Neuer Wall 42.

Neuer Wall 42
www.stolpersteine-hamburg.de

The furniture store of Isaac Daniel Heymann (1820–1894), who established a foundation in his name, was located at Neuer Wall 42. The aim of the foundation was to honour the best journeyman’s piece from the field of carpentry / arts and crafts with a prize. It is possible that Heymann designed individual pieces of furniture for the furnishings of the town hall.

today: Martin-Luther-King-Platz
historia-app.de/juedische-geschichte-in-hamburg/

The orphanage for boys established in 1841 at Markusstraße 21 moved to a new home for 30 boys with a small prayer room (architect Alfred Rosengarten) at Papendamm 3 (today Martin-Luther-King-Platz) in the Grindelviertel in 1883. The orphanage was closed in 1942 after most of the boys had been deported. The former Papendamm is now called Martin-Luther-King-Platz and is part of the areal of the University of Hamburg. (See: Michael Studemund-Halévy / Anna Menny, Ort und Erinnerung. Ein historischer Streifzug durch das jüdische Hamburg von 1930, Hamburg 2013, p. 65.)

Markusstraße 21

The orphanage for boys exsited at this place from 1841 to 1882, it was run by the association Hamburg German-Israelite Orphanage.

Bei den Hütten 52

The school was founded in 1818, and between 1843 and 1884 about 80 to 100 pupils were taught here; later it was absorbed into the Israelite Girls School.

Neanderstraße

Since 1785, Marcus Salomon Beit operated a gold and silver smelter in Elbstraße, which is considered an early forerunner of today’s Aurubis AG. (See: Hendrik Althoff, Das jüdische Zentrum Hamburgs. Jüdisches Leben in der Hamburger Alt- und Neustadt vom 16. bis ins frühe 20. Jahrhundert, Hamburg 2020, p. 12.)

Rentzelstraße 35 / An der Verbindungsbahn / Durchschnitt 22–32
historia-app.de/juedische-geschichte-in-hamburg/

Initially the Jews did not receive permission from the Hamburg Council to bury their dead on land inside the city. Instead they were ordered to utilize the cemetery of the Jews in Altona on Königstraße. In 1711, Altona was besieged by Swedish troops, making it impossible for Hamburg’s Jews to lay their dead to rest in Altona. They were granted permission to establish their own small cemetery outside the city walls. Initially only Jews from outside the congregation were buried in the Grindel area, after Hamburg’s Jews were allowed again to use the cemeteries in Altona and Wandsbek. The Jewish congregation did not rediscover the cemetery in Grindel until the 19th century. The reason for this appears to have been the ever mounting expenses demanded by the Holstein authorities for the burials of Hamburg Jews in Altona and Wandsbek.

The Grindel Cemetery was closed down in 1909. The burials thereafter took place at the new Jewish cemetery at Ilandkoppel in Ohlsdorf. In 1931, the congregation was forced to agree to surrendering a strip of the cemetery seven meters wide for the broadening of Rentzelstraße. In order to avoid exhuming the graves there, the remains of these Jews were placed at a lower level and the street was then extended over these graves. In 1937 the National Socialists ordered the cemetery to be cleared and razed. Under supervision by the Chief Rabbi Joseph Carlebach (murdered 1942), the human remains and a portion of the gravestones were transferred to the Cemetery Ilandkoppel. Approximately 6,500 tombstones were counted at that time. Residential buildings were constructed on the site of the former cemetery. Today only a commemorative stone recalls the earlier cemetery.

Krayenkamp 22

The guesthouse was maintained by Manuel Teixeira, Diego Teixeira’s son. High-ranking personalities resided there during their visits to Hamburg. In 1654 and 1667, the Swedish Queen Christine stayed there. (See: Hendrik Althoff, Das jüdische Zentrum Hamburgs. Jüdisches Leben in der Hamburger Alt- und Neustadt vom 16. bis ins frühe 20. Jahrhundert, Hamburg 2020, p. 12.)

Ballindamm 25
juedische-geschichte-online.net/ausstellung/migration

Company headquarter of HAPAG, of which Albert Ballin was general director from 1899 until his death. The street name commemorates Albert Ballin since 1947, since 1997 also the name of the administration building, which was renamed Ballin-Haus [Ballin-House]. (See: Hendrik Althoff, Das jüdische Zentrum Hamburgs. Jüdisches Leben in der Hamburger Alt- und Neustadt vom 16. bis ins frühe 20. Jahrhundert, Hamburg 2020, p. 23.)

Emilienstraße
www.geschichtomat.de/orte/geschichten

Zionist organisations (Hechalut, Bachad) or the orthodox Aguda youth organised the Hakhshara for young people in order to prepare them for life in Palestine. The members were offered training in agriculture, handicrafts and home economics, as well as training in Jewish history and culture, the Hebrew language and - for Zionists - collective life. Corresponding training centres had existed in Hamburg since the 1920s. As demand increased from 1933 onwards, new facilities were added, including the carpentry workshop in Emilienstraße from June 1933.

Schäferkampsallee
www.geschichtomat.de/orte/geschichten

This residence for young Hakhshara participants existed since February 1936.

Klosterallee
www.geschichtomat.de/orte/geschichten

This residence for young Hakhshara participants existed since May 1937.

Norderstedt-Harksheide

Since May 1934 the “Brüderhof” [brother farmyard] served as a Hakhshara training center of the Hechaluz.

Steubenweg 36 [heute: Grotiusweg 36]
gedenkstaetten-in-hamburg.de/gedenkstaetten/zeige/mahnmal-fuer-die-juedischen-opfer-der-deportation-aus-dem-steubenweg-36

History: In 1930, the Hamburg woman Emmy Lokay had purchased a building at Steubenweg (today Grotiusweg) 36. Here young Jews, the Chaluzim, prepared for their emigration to Palestine. Later, the villa was used as a day colony for Jewish vacation children. During National Socialism, it served as forced quarters for Jews before their deportation.
Remembrance: Since September 2013, a memorial commemorates the Jewish residents of the house. The initiators were the “Association for Research on the History of the Jews in Blankenese” and the property owners. The artist Volker Lang designed the memorial as a hexagonal wooden pavilion with an open roof. The names and life dates of the 17 people who were deported from here are engraved in the planks.

Große Theaterstraße 25
Daniela Reinhold, Paul Dessau’s “Hagadah.” A Passover Oratorio Reflecting Contemporary History

The Hamburg City Theatre, the predecessor of today’s State Opera, was founded by various Jewish personalities: In the 1890s, the composer Gustav Mahler worked here as chief conductor, and the opera singer Bernhard Pollini (1838-1897), born Baruch Pohl in Cologne, had been in charge of the theatre since 1874. He later also acquired the Altona Theatre and Thalia Theatre, which he directed until his death. From 1922 onwards, Leopold Sachse worked as Intendant and Egon Pollack as General Music Director at the City Theatre. The Hamburg-born composer Paul Dessau also worked as a conductor at the City Theatre at the beginning of the 20th century. (See: Hendrik Althoff, Das jüdische Zentrum Hamburgs. Jüdisches Leben in der Hamburger Alt- und Neustadt vom 16. bis ins frühe 20. Jahrhundert, Hamburg 2020, pp. 16f.)

Lohseplatz
hannoverscher-bahnhof.hamburg.de

On today's Lohseplatz, in the middle of HafenCity, the former "Hannoversche Bahnhof" (Hanover railway station) was used by the National Socialists to deport thousands of people persecuted on racist grounds. From here, Jews as well as Roma and Sinti were deported to extermination camps and ghettos in Eastern Europe between 1940 and 1945. Although the station buildings, which were severely damaged during the Second World War, were demolished in the following decades, the historic tracks and remains of the platform edge from which the deportation trains departed can still be found on the site today. At the memorial site "denk.mal Hannoverscher Bahnhof", 20 plaques with the names of the victims deported from this site stand out. For the majority, deportation to the concentration and extermination camps of Eastern and Central Europe was the path to death.
A documentation centre is being built at the historical site. A permanent exhibition developed by a team of curators from the Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial will embed the fate of the deportees in the history of National Socialist persecution. An important basis for this is the temporary documentation "In den Tod geschickt," conceived by historian Dr Linde Apel in 2009, excerpts of which have been on display in an information pavilion on Lohseplatz since 2013.

Beim Lübecker Thordamm

First occupancy: 1826 / first parity foundation for widows with children / donator: Hartwig Hesse

Stiftstraße

First occupancy: 1836 / 2nd Hartwig Hesse Wittwen [widows]-Foundation

Grindelallee 85
agora.sub.uni-hamburg.de/subhh-adress/digbib/view agora.sub.uni-hamburg.de/subhh-adress/digbib/view

The bookshop probably existed from 1911 to 1929. (See: Hamburg Address book of 1911, State and University Library Hamburg, https://agora.sub.uni-hamburg.de/subhh-adress/digbib/view?did=c1:373142&sdid=c1:374777 and Hamburg Address book of 1929, State and University Library Hamburg, https://agora.sub.uni-hamburg.de/subhh-adress/digbib/view?did=c1:892183&sdid=c1:894344 [Nov. 02, 2021].)

Jungfernstieg 18

First occupancy: 1866 / Foundation for free housing for Jewish and Christian women / donator: Therese Halle, née Heine

Elbchaussee 31
shmh.de/de/altonaer-museum

The Jewish banker and generous patron of the arts, Salomon Heine (1767–1844), belonged to the circle of wealthy Hamburg merchants and owned a summer residence on the Elbchaussee. In the Heine Park, designed by the renowned garden architect Joseph Rameé, the only surviving building is the garden house built in 1832 with a 34-square-metre garden hall with domed ceiling and stucco decorations, which once served as Salomon Heine's refuge. He was the uncle of the poet Heinrich Heine, whom he also supported financially throughout his life. The association "Heine Haus e.V." was founded in 1975 to preserve the Heine House. It regularly organises lecture series, especially on Jewish topics. The Heine House is now a branch of the Altona Museum. Visits are possible by arrangement with the Altona Museum.

Holstenwall 18

Due to the urbanization and densification of Hamburg in the 19th century, rental costs rose enormously. Many citizens could no longer afford the expensive flats and were dependent on support. Housing foundations provided needy people with low-cost or free housing. Between 1838 and 1930, about one third of all residential homes for the needy were financed by Jewish donors. This was also the case with the Heine'sche Wohnstift. The important Jewish art collector and benefactress Therese Halle (née Heine) founded it in 1866 in honor of her father Salomon Heine. Salomon Heine came to Hamburg as a penniless young man and became one of the most important bankers and merchants of the 19th century in Hamburg, who also assumed great social responsibility for the citizens of Hamburg. Initially, the residential home was located on the site of the former bank building of the Heine family. But because of the increasingly poor light and air conditions, the house was sold and a new, very splendid, almost palatial property was built at Holstenwall 18 – directly opposite the "Planten und Blomen" park. Even today, there is still a residential home here with a total of 48 one- and two-room flats.

Fehlandtstraße

Moritz Katzenstein founded a liberal public school for girls on Großneumarkt in 1863, which was to develop into one of Germany’s leading reform schools for girls under the pedagogue Jakob Loewenstein from 1892 onwards and was located in Fehlandtstraße for many years. (See: Hendrik Althoff, Das jüdische Zentrum Hamburgs. Jüdisches Leben in der Hamburger Alt- und Neustadt vom 16. bis ins frühe 20. Jahrhundert, Hamburg 2020, p. 10.)

Kielortallee 23

First occupancy: 1909 / Foundation for free housing for Jews and Christians / donator: Semmi Schaia Rosenthal / 8th collegiate building of the Vaterstädtischen Stiftung [Hometown Foundation]

Blücherstraße 18–22

Since 1892, a hospital was operated here by the Altona congregation. The buildings were destroyed by bombs in 1942. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, p. 68.)

[today: Simon-von-Utrecht-Straße 4a]
Harro Jenss, The Extension Building (1928-1931) of the Israelite Hospital in Hamburg
historia-app.de/juedische-geschichte-in-hamburg/ www.ik-h.de

On the condition that the building be dedicated to the memory of his deceased wife Betty, the Hamburg banker Salomon Heine donated the entire building sum for the hospital to the German-Israelite Community. From the beginning, people of Jewish and Christian faith were admitted, as the founder had decreed. Another of Salomon Heine's conditions was the establishment of a synagogue in the upper centre of the building. The building, which was inaugurated in 1843, originally had 80 hospital beds. Later extensions increased the number of beds to 230 (around 1930). The hospital's large garden was used by patients for recreation and by the kitchen as nutriment sources. In order to adapt the hospital to medical developments and the growing number of patients, improvements and structural changes were constantly made, which would not have been possible without large donations, especially from Salomon Heine.
During the National Socialist era, the hospital was forced to move out of the building, first to Johnsallee in 1939 and then to Schäferkampsallee in 1942. Many of its doctors and nurses had emigrated or were deported to extermination camps.
In 1946, an independent hospital board of trustees was revived, and planning for a new hospital began. With the help of the city of Hamburg, the foundation stone for the buildings on Orchideenstieg was laid in 1959. Today, these buildings have been renovated and supplemented by a new building; 200 beds are available to patients of all faiths. The motto of the hospital is still the motto of the Salomon Heine Medal: "Love of man is the crown of all virtues". The former building at Simon-von-Utrecht-Straße 12 still houses the Betty Heine Hall, which the Liberal Jewish community sometimes uses for services.

Bei den Hütten 52 (später 49–53)

At first, the hospital of the Wandsbek congregation was housed here. After the end of the triple congregation Altona, Hamburg, Wandsbek (AHW) and an extension through annexes, it became the general Jewish hospital and was the forerunner of the Israelite Hospital on St. Pauli donated by Salomon Heine. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, p. 69.)

Bei den Hütten

The hospital of the Wandsbek Jews, later also the Hamburg Jews, was located here.

Königstraße 28 (30)

Since 1716, the new building of the Jewish poorhouse, originally established at Scheidebach in 1695, was located in Königstraße in the immediate vicinity of the cemetery. (See: Irmgard Stein, jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, p. 68.)

Pepermölenbek

A Jewish poorhouse (hospital) had existed on the Scheidebach property since 1695 at the latest. In 1716 it was moved to a new building at Königstraße 28 (30) in the immediate vicinity of the cemetery. Until the Act of Separation in 1812, the hospital was used by both the Hamburg and Altona congregations to care for poor Jews and Jews passing through, after 1812 it was solely used by the Altona congregation. Its successor was a hospital at Blücherstraße 18–22 from 1892 onwards. These buildings were destroyed by bombs in 1942. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, p. 68.)

Beim Schlump 83
www.igdj-hh.de

Opened in 1966 near the campus of the University of Hamburg, the Institute for the History of German Jews (IGdJ) was initially the only academic institution of its kind in Germany. The IGdJ, a foundation under civil law sponsored by the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, is dedicated, as its name suggests, to the intersections of the Jewish and German pasts.
As a non-university research institute that presents its findings in publications and various event formats, the IGdJ has been an important voice in international academic discourse for several decades – especially on topics of recent and latest German-Jewish history. With the intention of awakening enthusiasm for Jewish history in future generations of researchers, IGdJ staff members teach as lecturers, private lecturers, and professors at the local university, where they also supervise theses and dissertations. The IGdJ also serves the interests of a civil society public, primarily but not exclusively in the Hamburg metropolitan region, with analogue and increasingly also digital offerings (e.g. Key Documents Edition, Geschichtomat, Podcast Jüdische Geschichte Kompakt, picture database).

Hartungstraße 9–11
Michaela Giesing, Ida Ehre and Hamburg’s Kammerspiele Theater
historia-app.de/juedische-geschichte-in-hamburg/

Already in 1945, Ida Ehre succeeded in opening the Hamburg’s intimate theater [Hamburger Kammerspiele] in the former Congretation house, where from then on an ambitious programme could be seen. On 21 November 1947, for example, Wolfgang Borchert’s “Draußen vor der Tür” [The Man outside] was premiered here.

Zeughausmarkt 32
Ingrid Lohmann, The Citizen of Jewish Faith as an Educational Ideal. Eduard Israel Kley’s Treatise on the Israelite Elementary School

Inspired by the desire to provide Jews economic and social equality, wealthy Jews founded the Israelitische Freischule (Israelite Free School) in 1815, whose last location, the building at Zeughausmarkt 32, still stands today. This foundation school was set up for Jewish children from poor backgrounds to give them free access to a good school education. Comprehensive secular education and more liberal religious instruction were intended to help the Jewish adolescents make their way into bourgeois society. Furthermore, the institution was particularly geared towards training the pupils in crafts in order to open up further professional opportunities for them in addition to trade, the traditional field of work.
Originally located in the Neustadt, the Freischule moved to a building on Zeughausmarkt in 1830, on the site of which a new building by Fritz Schumacher was erected in 1914 – 1917, which today houses the Anna Siemsen Trade School.

Orchideenstieg 14
juedische-geschichte-online.net/ausstellung/juedisches-leben-seit-1945-relaunch

In 1946, an independent hospital board of trustees was revived, and planning for a new hospital began. With the help of the city of Hamburg, the foundation stone for the buildings on Orchideenstieg was laid in 1959. Today, these buildings have been renovated and supplemented by a new building. 200 beds are available to patients of all faiths. The motto of the hospital is still the motto of the Salomon Heine Medal "Love of man is the crown of all virtues".

Flora-Neumann-Straße 1
www.davidstern.de

The Liberal Jewish Congregation Hamburg (LJGH) was re-founded in 2004 as the successor congregation of the "New Israelite Temple Association of 1817 and is a member of the Union of Progressive Jews.
The congregation is open to Jews regardless of their origin and marital status. It advocates the acceptance of all Jewish orientations and sees itself in the tradition of Torah and Halacha.
The LJGH is actively involved in intra-Jewish and inter-religious dialogue, both in Jewish-Christian dialogue and in dialogue with Muslim communities.

Flora-Neumann-Straße 1

Originally, the building, which was inaugurated in 1900, housed the gym of the Israelite Girls School [Israelitische Töchterschule]. Today, events on Jewish history and present take place in the House of Culture [Kulturhaus] and the liberal Jewish congregations hold services and celebrations there.

Rothenbaumchaussee 19
www.chabadhamburg.de

The Gründerzeit (Wilhelminian style) villa at Rothenbaumchaussee 19 was built in 1877/78 and acquired by Moses Max Bauer in 1890. Until 1935, the villa was owned by the family, which was, however, forced to sell the property far below its value to the National Socialist Teachers' Association in 1935. After the war, the "Society of Friends of the Fatherland School and Education System" laid claim to the house. In 1945, it was transferred to the Trade Union for Education and Science (GEW). This was the owner until 2013, when it was bought by the Jewish educational centre Chabad Lubawitcsh e.V.. Today, the association has its headquarters here and organises services and trains rabbis in the building.

Grindelhof 59
juedische-geschichte-online.net/ausstellung/frauenleben www.salonamgrindel.de

The foundation of the association "Jüdischer Salon am Grindel" in 2007 was based on the wish to complement the reviving Jewish life in the district with a venue where a wide variety of intellectual stimulation and exchange should be possible. Since January 2008, readings, lectures and discussions have been taking place regularly in the Jewish Salon at Grindel, at the back of the "Café Leonar". In various series of events, guests are introduced to Jewish music, literature, films, art, cultural and intellectual history.

Heinrich-Barth-Straße 25
agora.sub.uni-hamburg.de/subhh-adress/digbib/view

In the Hamburg address book of 1930, the office of the sports club is listed under this address. (See: Hamburg Address book of 1930, State and University Library Hamburg, https://agora.sub.uni-hamburg.de/subhh-adress/digbib/view?did=c1:854384&sdid=c1:854939.)

Heimhuder Straße 68-70
www.lbi.org/1938projekt/de/detail/praktische-ausbildung-fur-palastina/

The Jewish Technical School for Dressmakers at Heimhuderstraße 68-70 was part of the Hehalutz training courses for girls. Since March 1934, it was part of the external annual courses assigned to the Hehalutz centres. The classrooms were located on the second floor.

Plaque on the side of the university building “Horse Stable”
historia-app.de/juedische-geschichte-in-hamburg/

The houses at № 2-6 Beneckestraße 2-6 were, like the New Dammtor Synagogue, destroyed in the heavy bombing raids in 1943. Originally a pathway only three meters wide between the houses led to the synagogue. Until the end of the 1920s, the office and residential buildings were the property of the Association “New Dammtor Synagogue.” In the four-story building at № 2 Beneckestraße, there were flats as well as offices of the Association and other Jewish facilities. At the end of the 1920s, the building was transferred to the ownership of the German-Israelite Congregation. In the 1930s, among other offices, a consultation office for Jews who wished to emigrate was located here. From the end of 1938, the building at № 2 Beneckestraße housed the administration of the Jewish Religious Association Hamburg, which under the supervision of the Gestapo had to regulate all the affairs of the Jewish congregation. Despite all distress and danger, the members of the congregation were still able to construct a mikvah (Jewish ritual immersion pool) in 1942/43 in the cellar.

Grindelhof 30
Stephanie Kowitz-Harms, The Reopening of the Joseph Carlebach School
gedenkstaetten-in-hamburg.de/gedenkstaetten/zeige/gedenktafel-talmud-tora-schule jcsh.de historia-app.de/juedische-geschichte-in-hamburg/

The Talmud Torah School was founded in 1805 in the Neustadt. In December 1911, the school building at Grindelhof was opened and until 1939 it housed a teaching institution for Jewish boys. Historical traces can be found inside the building: For example, a bronze plaque mounted on a landing commemorates the teachers and pupils of the Talmud Torah School who died in the First World War; it was inaugurated in 1921 and renewed in 1981 after being destroyed by the National Socialists. The building, which was forcibly sold in 1942, was used by various institutions after the Second World War until it was returned to the Jewish community in 2004. After renovation, a Jewish educational institution, the Joseph Carlebach School, was able to move back into the building in August 2007. The Joseph Carlebach Educational Building includes the Joseph Carlebach Kindergarten, a primary school and a secondary school, where the first graduating class since the Shoah was able to say goodbye in 2020. In addition, the building now houses the community centre of the Jewish community, a library and various rooms for association and community activities (e.g. the office of the Makkabi e.V. and the Society for Jewish Genealogy).

Tronjeweg

On the site of today’s Tronjeweg was the Hakhshara home “Ejn Chajim” established by the socialist-Zionist youth organization Hechalutz (the Pioneer) to prepare for emigration to Palestine. (See: “Ein ‘Kibbutz’ in Rissen”, in: Jüdisches Hamburg, ed. by Landeszentrale für Politische Bildung in Hamburg / Referat für Christlich-Jüdischen Dialog der Ev.-Luth. Kirche in Norddeutschland beim Zentrum für Mission und Ökumene – Nordkirche weltweit, Hamburg 2021, pp. 38–40.)

[today: Kirchenstraße 1]

The Klaus Institute was founded around 1690 for Rabbi Zwi Hirsch Aschkensi. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, p. 129.)

Glockengießerwall 5
Maike Bruhns, Jewish Art? Anita Rée and “New Objectivity”

Since 1922, the Hamburg Kunsthalle has served as the venue for the annual exhibition of the Hamburg Secession. Anita Rée was one of the co-founders of the Secession. Her painting “Weiße Bäume in Positano” [White Trees in Positano] has been on display at the Kunsthalle since 2013.

Mönckebergstraße 17
Julie Grimmeisen, Haute Couture from Israel. Designer Galia Lahav and Hamburg’s Past as a Place for Jewish Fashion Houses

Specialist for women’s coats

Oderfelder Straße 8

The Leo Mendelson Synagogue was built after an advertisement in the Hamburger Familienblatt [Hamburg Family Gazette] on June 4, 1917, where interested parties were sought for the construction of a synagogue in Eimsbüttel. This advertisement was probably connected with the Synagoge Eimsbüttel e.V. [registered association], which had closed in October 1916, because it had been unable to maintain itself since 1914 due to financial difficulties. Leo Mendelson died on February 13, 1928. The synagogue continued to exist in various locations until 1938 (1934: Oderfelder Straße 8, 1935: Hochallee 76, August 1936: Eppendorfer Baum 6, September 1937: Jungfrauental 37). On October 19, 1939, the Hamburg Secret State Police [Gestapo] informed the Hamburg state administration that the synagogue had been dissolved and the rooms converted into flats. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, p. 95.)

Hochallee 76

The Leo Mendelson Synagogue was built after an advertisement in the Hamburger Familienblatt [Hamburg Family Gazette] on June 4, 1917, where interested parties were sought for the construction of a synagogue in Eimsbüttel. This advertisement was probably connected with the Synagoge Eimsbüttel e.V. [registered association], which had closed in October 1916, because it had been unable to maintain itself since 1914 due to financial difficulties. Leo Mendelson died on February 13, 1928. The synagogue continued to exist in various locations until 1938 (1934: Oderfelder Straße 8, 1935: Hochallee 76, August 1936: Eppendorfer Baum 6, September 1937: Jungfrauental 37). On October 19, 1939, the Hamburg Secret State Police [Gestapo] informed the Hamburg state administration that the synagogue had been dissolved and the rooms converted into flats. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, p. 95.)

Eppendorfer Baum 6

The Leo Mendelson Synagogue was built after an advertisement in the Hamburger Familienblatt [Hamburg Family Gazette] on June 4, 1917, where interested parties were sought for the construction of a synagogue in Eimsbüttel. This advertisement was probably connected with the Synagoge Eimsbüttel e.V. [registered association], which had closed in October 1916, because it had been unable to maintain itself since 1914 due to financial difficulties. Leo Mendelson died on February 13, 1928. The synagogue continued to exist in various locations until 1938 (1934: Oderfelder Straße 8, 1935: Hochallee 76, August 1936: Eppendorfer Baum 6, September 1937: Jungfrauental 37). On October 19, 1939, the Hamburg Secret State Police [Gestapo] informed the Hamburg state administration that the synagogue had been dissolved and the rooms converted into flats. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, p. 95.)

Jungfrauenthal 37

The Leo Mendelson Synagogue was built after an advertisement in the Hamburger Familienblatt [Hamburg Family Gazette] on June 4, 1917, where interested parties were sought for the construction of a synagogue in Eimsbüttel. This advertisement was probably connected with the Synagoge Eimsbüttel e.V. [registered association], which had closed in October 1916, because it had been unable to maintain itself since 1914 due to financial difficulties. Leo Mendelson died on February 13, 1928. The synagogue continued to exist in various locations until 1938 (1934: Oderfelder Straße 8, 1935: Hochallee 76, August 1936: Eppendorfer Baum 6, September 1937: Jungfrauental 37). On October 19, 1939, the Hamburg Secret State Police [Gestapo] informed the Hamburg state administration that the synagogue had been dissolved and the rooms converted into flats. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, p. 95.)

Isestraße 130

The Leo Mendelson Synagogue was built after an advertisement in the Hamburger Familienblatt [Hamburg Family Gazette] on June 4, 1917, where interested parties were sought for the construction of a synagogue in Eimsbüttel. This advertisement was probably connected with the Synagoge Eimsbüttel e.V. [registered association], which had closed in October 1916, because it had been unable to maintain itself since 1914 due to financial difficulties. Leo Mendelson died on February 13, 1928. The synagogue continued to exist in various locations until 1938 (1934: Oderfelder Straße 8, 1935: Hochallee 76, August 1936: Eppendorfer Baum 6, September 1937: Jungfrauental 37). On October 19, 1939, the Hamburg Secret State Police [Gestapo] informed the Hamburg state administration that the synagogue had been dissolved and the rooms converted into flats. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, p. 95.)

Poolstraße 15

Rahel Varnhagen’s sister-in-law, Rosa Maria Assing, ran her literary salon here, which was frequented by prominent Jewish and non-Jewish personalities. (See: Hendrik Althoff, Das jüdische Zentrum Hamburgs. Jüdisches Leben in der Hamburger Alt- und Neustadt vom 16. bis ins frühe 20. Jahrhundert, Hamburg 2020, p. 16.)

Hartungstraße 9/11
Barbara Müller-Wesemann, Self-Assertion and Spiritual Resistance. The History of the Jewish Community Center in Hamburg
hamburger-kammerspiele.de

In 1903, the Henry Jones Lodge acquired the Pfennig villa at Hartungstraße 11 and subsequently had the building extended to the adjoining property. In addition to the Henry Jones Lodge itself, the newly created "Logenheim" also housed the Hamburg Association for Jewish Literature and History and the Society for Jewish Folklore. In 1937, the Jüdische Gemeinschaftshaus GmbH took over the building, which – now equipped with a theatre hall –
became a venue for the Jewish Cultural Association, but also the seat of the Franz Rosenzweig Memorial Foundation. From autumn 1941, the building served as a supply depot for the deportations that were beginning, and in July 1942 it became a collection point for a transport to Auschwitz. After the end of the Second World War, Ida Ehre founded the Kammerspiele in Hartungstraße in the summer of 1945, which still exists today. The first Hamburg Kammerspiele, on which the name was based, had been opened in 1918 by Erich Ziegel at Besenbinderhof.

Kohlhöfen 20
www.geschichtomat.de/orte/geschichten

In 1890, a Mazzoth factory for the production of unleavened bread for Passover was set up on the site of the German-Israelite congregation Breiter Gang / Kohlhöfen, behind the synagogue. Due to the increasing automation of production, the Mazzoth were sold far beyond Hamburg. The factory fell victim to the demolition of the buildings in 1934. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, pp. 55f.)

Neumann-Reichardt-Straße 29
www.geschichtomat.de/orte/geschichten

Leopold Katz founded a mazzoth factory at Neumann-Reichardt-Strasse 29 in Wandsbek. From here the Jewish congregations in Berlin, Frankfurt am Main and Leipzig were supplied with mazzoth for the Passover festival.

Bullenhuser Damm 92
bullenhuser-damm.gedenkstaetten-hamburg.de juedische-geschichte-online.net/ausstellung/juedisches-leben-seit-1945

In Neuengamme concentration camp, the SS doctor Dr Kurt Heißmeyer carried out tuberculosis experiments on prisoners. In November 1944, he had 20 Jewish children, ten boys and ten girls, brought from the Auschwitz concentration camp to Neuengamme. In order to cover up the experiments, the SS leadership had the children and their caretakers brought to a school building used as a concentration subcamp from autumn 1944 until mid-April 1945, a few days before the end of the war. On the night of April 20, 1945, they were murdered by SS men in the cellar of the former school on Bullenhuser Damm; on the same day, at least 24 Soviet concentration camp prisoners were also hanged there. Since 1980, there has been a memorial in the basement of the building. The room where the 20 children were murdered has been preserved in its original state. An exhibition about the fate of those murdered is shown in another room. In the rose garden behind the schoolyard, roses can be planted in memory of those murdered. Since 1985, a bronze sculpture by Anatoli Mossitschuk has commemorated the Soviet prisoners there.

Meerweinstraße 26-28
gedenkstaetten-in-hamburg.de/gedenkstaetten/zeige/denk-mal-gueterwagen-an-der-gs-winterhude-und-gedenktafel-am-schulgebaeude

History: The School Meerweinstraße was founded in 1930 as a reform school. From March 5, 1933, the National Socialists in Hamburg agitated against schools that, like the School Meerweinstraße, felt committed to the democratic republic. The Jewish teachers Julia Cohn and Hertha Feiner-Asmus and their children had to leave the school. Julia Cohn was murdered in Riga in 1941. Hertha Feiner-Asmus died on the transport to Auschwitz in 1943. Remembrance: Since 1983, the Winterhude Comprehensive School has been dealing with the persecution fate of the two former teachers in various projects. The children of the two murdered also visited the school in the early 1990s. After the visit, a memorial plaque was placed at the entrance of the school. In 1996, the school created the “Denk-Mal Güterwagen” project, which stands in a small enclosure next to the school grounds. In front of the Deutsche Reichsbahn freight car, two standing sculptures represent the two teachers.

Bahnhof Hamburg-Dammtor, Südausgang, Dag-Hammarskjöld-Platz

The bronze sculpture by sculptor Frank Meisler, inaugurated in 2015, commemorates the Kindertransporte, with which some 14,000 Jewish children and young people managed to escape from Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia, after it had been annexed in March 1939. (See: “Denkmal Kindertransport – der letzte Abschied”, in: Jüdisches Hamburg, ed. by Landeszentrale für Politische Bildung in Hamburg / Referat für Christlich-Jüdischen Dialog der Ev.-Luth. Kirche in Norddeutschland beim Zentrum für Mission und Ökumene – Nordkirche weltweit, Hamburg 2021, pp. 29–31.)

Bundesstraße 78
Gretchen Wohlwill, Gretchen Wohlwill, Oil-Portrait of Eugen Fraenkel, Hamburg 1928
gedenkstaetten-in-hamburg.de/gedenkstaetten/zeige/gedenkplatte-fuer-die-juedischen-lehrerinnen-martha-behrend-und-gretchen-wohlwill

History: Martha Behrend (1881-1941) and Gretchen Wohlwill (1878-1962) were dismissed from the school service in 1933 because of their Jewish origin. Martha Behrend was deported to Minsk ghetto in November 1941 and murdered there. Gretchen Wohlwill succeeded in emigrating to Portugal via Italy in 1940 and escaped the Holocaust there. After the end of the Nazi regime, Gretchen Wohlwill returned to Hamburg and was again active as an artist. Two of her paintings in the Emilie-Wüstenfeld-Gymnasium were uncovered in 1993. Remembrance: The Emilie-Wüstenfeld-Gymnasium commemorates the fate of these two Jewish teachers with a memorial plaque.

Landungsbrücken, Brücke 3
gedenkstaetten-in-hamburg.de/gedenkstaetten/zeige/gedenktafel-fuer-das-auswandererschiff-exodus

History: 4,530 Jewish Holocaust survivors who wished to emigrate sailed by ship from France to Palestine in July 1947. Palestine at that time was administered by Great Britain and had imposed a ban on Jewish people entering the country. The passengers were hindered from landing. By force, the refugees were transferred to three other ships and sent back to France. There they refused to leave the ships, and the ships continued on to British-administered Hamburg. Here, the British occupiers ensured that the passengers were taken to two internment camps near Lübeck. But after a month, public pressure became so great that the British let their prisoners go. Many of them made their way to Palestine again. Remembrance: A memorial plaque installed at the landing bridges in 1995 commemorates the fate of the refugee ship “Exodus from Europe”.

Karolinenstraße 35
www.juedische-geschichte-online.net/ausstellung/kinderwelten gedenkstaetten-in-hamburg.de/gedenkstaetten/zeige/gedenk-und-bildungsstaette-israelitische-toechterschule-dr-alberto-jonas-haus www.vhs-hamburg.de/toechterschule historia-app.de/juedische-geschichte-in-hamburg/

The Israelite Girls’ School was opened in 1884 in Karolinenstraße to provide a good education and support for the daughters of poorer Jewish parents. The last director of the Israelite Girls’ School was the pedagogue Dr Alberto Jonas, under whose leadership the school was recognised as a secondary school in 1930. In 1942, the Israelite Girls’ School was the last Jewish school to cease teaching.
Today, the building at Karolinenstraße 35 houses the Memorial and Educational Centre Israelite Girls’ School which is run by the Hamburg Adult Education Centre. Numerous events on Jewish history and the present take place here. A permanent exhibition provides information about the history of Jewish education in Hamburg. In the meantime, the offer is supplemented by an online exhibition, which was created in cooperation with the Institute for the History of German Jews.

Moorweidenstraße / Ecke Edmund-Siemers-Allee
historia-app.de/juedische-geschichte-in-hamburg/

In the middle of the city, near the Dammtor railway station, is the so-called Moorweide, an undeveloped green space. Its western end, an open space on Edmund-Siemers-Allee, served the National Socialists as a collection point for deportations. From this central and visible place, people of Jewish faith or people persecuted as Jews were rounded up to be deported from here to the extermination camps.
Since 1983, a memorial by the artist Ulrich Rückriem has commemorated the Hamburg Jews who became victims of the Nazi regime. It consists of a granite block made up of seven individual stones that reveal a T-shape.

Ilandkoppel

Since 1951 a memorial stone with a German and a Hebrew inscription commemorates the Jewish victims of National Socialism. In front of it, since 1957, stands an urn with ashes of the dead from the Auschwitz concentration camp. In the cemetery there is a memorial to Jewish soldiers from Hamburg who died in the First World War. Stelae bear 457 names.

Eißendorfer Straße / Ecke Knoopstraße

Historical research has shown that the Jewish community in Harburg had been in possession of a Torah scroll since 1718; evidence of a prayer room dates back to 1738. After that, however, services in Harburg were held at different locations until the new synagogue building in Eißendorfer Straße, in the middle of a densely built-up residential area, was solemnly consecrated on May 19, 1863. The house of worship’s façade of yellow-colored Swedish clinker was extended by an annex in 1910. After the National Socialists had come to power, so many Jews were driven into emigration in 1936 that services could no longer be held in the synagogue. On November 10, 1938, the doors and interior furnishings were destroyed, and the building was demolished in 1941. After the war, residential buildings were built on the site, but since 1988 the reconstruction of the portal on the façade of one of these blocks of flats, and two memorial plaques have served as reminders of the Harburg synagogue.

Alter Wall 48–49

Mikveh integrated in the synagogue, destroyed in a fire on May 6, 1845.

Bornplatz / Joseph-Carlebach-Platz
juedische-geschichte-online.net/thema/erinnern-und-gedenken

Cellar mikveh in an annex of the Bornplatz synagogue, 9 cabins with own immersion baths.

Hochstraße 50

Mikveh in the synagogue’s courtyard, based on rainwater, there were two immersion pools, and in the courtyard there was a collection basin for the water.

Königsreihe / Lange Reihe 15

Mikveh set up on the ground floor.

Neuer Steinweg

Used until 1860

Alter Wall 44
www.lexm.uni-hamburg.de/object/lexm_lexmperson_00000814 

When Joseph Benjamin founded the business in Altona in 1818 it was not yet a pure music publishing house. An orientation that did not take place until 1888. His son Anton Benjamin moved the business to Hamburg. After Richard Schauer had been co-owner since 1924, he became sole manager of the company in 1931. In 1938, the music publishing company was expropriated and Richard Schauer emigrated to London, where he set up a new music publishing company. In 1951, the publishing rights were returned to the Schauer family (See: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv, Staatsarchiv Leipzig, 20124 Amtsgericht Leipzig, Handelsregisterakten HRA 309, online at: http://www.musikdrucke.htwk-leipzig.de/wordpress/?p=1952#Eckdaten (accessed 10/14/2021)).

Jean-Dolidier-Weg 39
www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de

On the site of a former brickworks in the south-east of Hamburg, the SS set up a subcamp of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in 1938, which two years later became the largest independent main camp in north-west Germany. More than 100,000 people were imprisoned in Neuengamme concentration camp because of their resistance to the National Socialists, because they had rebelled against forced labor or because of racially motivated persecution. The majority of the prisoners were not from Germany. In the main camp and in the more than 85 subcamps of the concentration camp, they had to perform hard labor for the Nazi regime under cruel conditions. Thousands of prisoners were transferred from here to other concentration camps, and more than 42,900 people were murdered as prisoners of Neuengamme concentration camp.
After the war, the former concentration camp buildings were used by the British occupiers as internment camps before being handed over three years later to the city of Hamburg, which built prisons on the site. Only gradually, against numerous resistances, was it possible to establish a memorial in Neuengamme. In 1953, a first memorial column was erected, and in 1965 a memorial was built. In 1981, a first exhibition building was added. After the prisons were relocated, the site finally became a memorial and documentation site in 2005 with the opening of a meeting and study centre.

Grassy area next to Allendeplatz 3
gedenkstaetten-in-hamburg.de/gedenkstaetten/zeige/stele-mit-gedenktafel-fuer-die-neue-dammtor-synagoge historia-app.de/juedische-geschichte-in-hamburg/

The Dammtor Synagogue was created in 1894/95 based on a design by the architects Schlepps & Rzekonski in neo-Islamic style, totally hidden from view behind the
Wilhelminian (Gründerzeit) apartment blocks at the present-day Allende Square. Yet the colorful brick patterns, horseshoe arches, column capitals, the colorful decor of the interior space and most especially the ornamentation on the eastern wall recalled only in vague allusion Islamic paradigms. The interior design reflected the moderate liberal religious ritual of the New Dammtor Synagogue Association: the Torah lectern before the Torah ark was banished, the separation between genders was retained by means of low-latticed women’s galleries, and there was a special gallery for a four-voice choir without organ. Probably this decision on a moderate level of reform in ritual influenced the choice of the style of construction. It appeared suitable for demonstrating self-assurance without rejecting the Jewish tradition, in a time when the greater majority of Jewish communities sought to avoid any allusions to or reminders of the Oriental origins of Judaism by consciously employing neo-Gothic and neo-Romanesque elements of ecclesiastical architectural style. During the November 1938 pogrom, the interior was demolished; subsequently restored by private financial means, Ashkenazic Jews of all tendencies gathered together here for worship until the seizure and confiscation of the synagogue in June 1943. Shortly thereafter, the synagogue and front buildings were destroyed during bombing raids on the city. A memorial stone on a small grassy area directly next to the university building in the former “Horse Stable” recalls the New Dammtor Synagogue.

Rothenbaumchaussee 217

The ORT-School was opened in December 1948, it was the first Jewish craftsmen’s school in the former British Zone. ORT means “Organisation for Rehabilitation through Training”. Training as electricians, radio mechanics, car mechanics, tailors or commercial artists was possible for both men and women. Apprenticeship examinations could be taken after two years of training. (See: Arno Herzig [ed.], Die Juden in Hamburg 1590 bis 1990. Wissenschaftliche Beiträge der Universität Hamburg zur Ausstellung “Vierhundert Jahre Juden in Hamburg”, Hamburg 1991, p. 339.)

Große Bleichen 65
Sabrina Schütz, The Local Chapter Hamburg-Altona as Part of the Zionist Movement in Germany

In 1898, the local Zionist Chapter Hamburg-Altona was founded, and in 1914 it had offices here.

Ilandkoppel 68
gedenkstaetten-in-hamburg.de/gedenkstaetten/zeige/juedischer-friedhof-ohlsdorf-ermordete-hamburger-juedinnen-und-juden

History: The Ohlsdorf Jewish Cemetery was established in 1883. It took gravestones from the cemeteries in Ottensen and at Grindel, which were forcibly closed in 1934 and 1937. The street Ilandkoppel separates the area from the municipal cemetery Ohlsdorf to the north. In 1943, the cemetery was closed and built on by order of the National Socialists with temporary housing for bombed-out families. After 1945, the Ohlsdorf Jewish Cemetery was the only one in Hamburg to be returned to its original purpose.

Krayenkamp 16–18

First occupancy: 1868 / Foundation for free housing (with synagogue) for Orthodox congregation members / donator: Hirsch Berend Oppenheimer

Kielortallee 22–24

New building with synagogue and free housing for Orthodox congregation members, first time use: 1909

Markusstraße 38
historia-app.de/juedische-geschichte-in-hamburg/

The orphanage for girls was run by Isaac J. Jaffé and Daniel I. Jaffé since 1857.

Laufgraben 37
www.geschichtomat.de/orte/geschichten historia-app.de/juedische-geschichte-in-hamburg/

„In 1920, the German-Israelite Congregation took over the girls’ orphanage for about 30 girls, which had been donated by Isaac J. Jaffé, inaugurated in 1884 and named after his wife Pauline Jaffé. At the end of November 1941, the children were taken to the Orphanage Institute on Papendamm. The house at Laufgraben 37 became a Jewish retirement and nursing home. Today the building is used as a residential house. [...] In front of the house, seven stumbling stones commemorate the murdered residents." (From: Michael Studemund-Halévy and Anna Menny, Ort und Erinnerung. Ein historischer Streifzug durch das jüdische Hamburg von 1930, Hamburg 2013, p. 66.)

Bei den Hütten 70

School for boys founded in 1783 by the private teacher Abraham Isler in Peterstraße, closed in 1844.

Wohlers Allee 58/58a

Between 1925 and 1942, there was a Jewish people's home in what is now the Kinderhaus, where children and young people were cared for. It was run by a specially founded association of the High German Israelite Community, the "Verein jüdisches Volksheim". In addition to a kindergarten and an afternoon nursery on the ground floor, the consultation room of a paediatrician was set up on the ground floor. The need for care and medical attention was particularly high in the years after the First World War, so that in addition to a few full-time educators, numerous volunteers were involved here. Altona, the district in which Wohlers Allee is located, was an independent city until 1937, in which fewer restrictions were imposed on immigrant Jews than in Hamburg. In particular, destitute Jewish refugees from Eastern Europe increasingly settled in Altona because of the rigorous housing regulations in Hamburg. Children were looked after and cared for in the Altona Volksheim until 1936. In 1942, the building was forcibly sold to the city of Hamburg.

Süderstraße 34
www.stolpersteine-hamburg.de

The pharmacy was run by Joseph Peyser from 1900 until his death in 1931.

Landungsbrücken, Brücke 3
Matthias Loeber, “Swept back into the unseen vastness of the sea” - Fritz Buff’s account of his voyage aboard the ST. LOUIS, May and June 1939
gedenkstaetten-in-hamburg.de/gedenkstaetten/zeige/gedenktafel-fuer-das-fluechtlingsschiff-st-louis

“On May 13, 1939, the HAPAG liner ST. LOUIS left the port of Hamburg with the destination Havana (Cuba). On board was 17-year-old Fritz Buff (1921-2017). […] Together with Fritz Buff, another 936 people, most of them Jews from Germany, were on the ST. LOUIS. When the ship reached the island state in the Caribbean on May 27, the Cuban government denied them entry. After fruitless negotiations, it had to leave port on June 2.” (From: Matthias Loeber, “Swept back into the unseen vastness of the sea” – Fritz Buff’s account of his voyage aboard the ST. LOUIS, May and June 1939 [translated by Insa Kummer], in: Key Documents of German-Jewish History, 15.03.2021.)

Alter Wall / Adolphsbrücke

The Wandsbek branch congregation maintained this prayer room from 1732 to 1821.

Elbstraße [heute: Neanderstraße 37]

Here was a prayer room maintained by the Wandsbek congregation for its members living in Hamburg. (See: Hendrik Althoff, Das jüdische Zentrum Hamburgs. Jüdisches Leben in der Hamburger Alt- und Neustadt vom 16. bis ins frühe 20. Jahrhundert, Hamburg 2020, p. 6.)

Eppendorfer Weg 55 (später 69)

The Eimsbüttel Synagogue e.V. [registered association] was founded before 1876 and existed for more than 40 years until October 1916. As it was housed in rented rooms and ran into financial difficulties in 1914, the rooms had to be given up and the synagogue closed. However, so that there would still be a synagogue in Eimsbüttel, the Leo Mendelson Synagogue was built the following year. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, p. 95.)

Eppendorfer Weg 69

The Eimsbüttel Synagogue e.V. [registered association] was founded before 1876 and existed for more than 40 years until October 1916. As it was housed in rented rooms and ran into financial difficulties in 1914, the rooms had to be given up and the synagogue closed. However, so that there would still be a synagogue in Eimsbüttel, the Leo Mendelson Synagogue was built the following year. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, p. 95.)

Hartungstraße 9–11

In the summer term of 1919, the Zionist student fraternity Kadimah was founded, its pub was located in the lodge home. The association existed until 1933.

Bieberstraße 2
historia-app.de/juedische-geschichte-in-hamburg/

The building still standing today at № 2 Bieberstraße housed in 1921 the Rabbinical Academy “Yeshiva e.V.” More than 100 pupils, not only from Germany, received an education here. Among the teachers was also Rabbi Joseph Carlebach, who lived there with his family from 1922 to 1928. The East European Jewish association Adas Yeshorim maintained a small synagogue in the building. Next door at № 4 Bieberstraße was the Israelite High School for Girls (Israelitische Höhere Töchterschule). Girls mainly from wealthy families were pupils at this Orthodox Jewish private school. In 1931, the school was forced for financial reasons to close. In the mid-1930s, the Jewish owners had to sell the properties at № 2 and 4 Bieberstraße.

Bieberstraße 4
diverse Unterzeichner, Call for the Founding of a Jewish Library and Reading Room, Hamburg, October 1905 Alice Jankowski, The Founding of the Jewish Library and Reading Room

“The Jewish part of the public must be given the opportunity to acquire knowledge about great, momentous Jewish ideas, about the thousands of years of history and the strange fate of their people, about literary, scientific, and artistic achievements of both past and present either created by Jews or for Jewish circles.” (Call for the Founding of a Jewish Library and Reading Room, Hamburg, October 1905 [translated by Insa Kummer], edited in: Key Documents of German-Jewish History.) Thus reads the appeal published in 1905, with which the signatories demanded the founding of a Jewish library and reading room for Hamburg, thus joining the general reading room movement. The aim was to provide broad sections of the population with low-threshold access to knowledge through reading rooms. A library commission prepared the foundation from 1908. The library was opened on June 1, 1909 and on April 10, an agreement was made between the Jewish congregation’s board of directors and the “Jewish Library and Reading Room” association, whereby the congregation undertook to lend its books to the reading room. (See: Alice Jankowski, The Founding of the Jewish Library and Reading Room (translated by Insa Kummer), in: Key Documents of German-Jewish History, September 22, 2016.)

Johnsallee

Since May 1935, the Zionist organisation Bachad ran a religious teaching school for girls here as part of the Hakhshara training.

Werderstraße
www.geschichtomat.de/orte/geschichten

Since the mid-1930s, training courses were offered here in preparation for emigration to Palestine. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, p. 103.)

Beim Schlump 83
www.zeitgeschichte-hamburg.de www.werkstatt-der-erinnerung.de

Founded in 1960, this institution researches and documents, among other things, the National Socialist period in Hamburg and the life stories of persecuted and expelled citizens of Hamburg. The results are made public in the form of publications and events. The Werkstatt der Erinnerung (Workshop of Remembrance), the oral history archive of the Research Centre, has been actively collecting interviews with Jewish persecutees and their descendants since 1990. This continuously growing stock currently comprises about 700 interviews. The Werkstatt der Erinnerung, its archive and library can be used by interested persons by appointment.

Dammtorstraße 20
juedische-geschichte-online.net/ausstellung/frauenleben

Betty Heine, Heinrich Heine’s mother, lived in Dammtorstraße from the Great Fire until her death in 1859; Heinrich Heine’s sister Charlotte Embden lived in Esplanade 39. Both buildings no longer exist. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, p. 25.)

Esplanade 39
juedische-geschichte-online.net/ausstellung/frauenleben

Charlotte Embden (née Heinrich), sister of Heinrich Heine, had lived in Hamburg since 1819, but not permanently until 1828. In 1823 she married the merchant Moritz Embden (1790–1866). In the 1840s, her salon became a popular meeting place for people from the literary, artistic and musical fields. She died in Hamburg on October 14, 1899. The house at Esplanade 39 was demolished in 1958.

Jungfernstieg
Jutta Braden, “The Rich Jew”: An Anti-Judaic Anecdote about the Religious Social Order in 17th century Hamburg

Diego Teixeira was an influential businessman and prominent member of the Portuguese congregation. Among others, he served as financial manager for Queen Christine of Sweden.

Schäferkampsallee 25–27
Alexandra Klei, Design plans for the Jewish retirement home

In May 1958, a retirement home was inaugurated in the building designed by the architect Hermann Zwi Guttman; it existed there until 2013. The new building provided space for about 40 people. (Read more: Alexandra Klei, Design plans for the Jewish retirement home [translated by Insa Kummer], in: Key Documents of German-Jewish History, June 14, 2021.)

Sedanstraße 23
Alexandra Klei, Hermann Zvi Guttmann and His Design for the New Synagogue at Hohe Weide
historia-app.de/juedische-geschichte-in-hamburg/

According to plans by the architect Sigmund Seelig, the German-Israelite Congregation built a Jewish retirement home with a synagogue in Louisenstraße (later Sedanstraße 23) in 1884. In 1900, the home was extended and the synagogue moved to the new part. After the forced eviction in 1942, all residents were deported. After being returned in 1945, the building was sold in 1958 and rebuilt in the 1960s. Today it houses a Catholic students’ residence. A plaque installed by the Eimsbüttel district assembly in 1986 commemorates the founders Isaac Hartvig and Ephraime Edwards and the fate of the residents, over 90 of whom were deported to Theresienstadt and Auschwitz. (Adapted from: Michael Studemund-Halévy / Anna Menny, Ort und Erinnerung. Ein historischer Streifzug durch das jüdische Hamburg von 1930, Hamburg 2013, p. 62.) In the post-war period, the Jewish congregation built a home for the elderly in a building complex designed by Hermann Zwi Guttmann at Schäferkampsalle 25/27.

Rothenbaumchaussee 217

On July 1, 1945, a Jewish retirement home was established in the Rothenbaumchaussee. Admission was regulated from mid-1947 by a welfare committee of the congregation. Later, the retirement home was moved to Sedanstraße 23. (See: Ina Lorenz, Gehen oder Bleiben. Neuanfang der Jüdischen Gemeinde in Hamburg nach 1945, Hamburg 2002, p. 55.)

Altonaer Hochstraße 50 [heute: Lange Straße]

After a rabbinate house on Altonaer Hochstraße (Lange Straße ) and Kleine Papagoyenstraße with a ritual bathhouse was demolished due to the extension of a street in 1886, a new bathhouse was built at Altonaer Hochstraße 50, which had two immersion baths. On the corner Altonaer Hochstraße / Kleine Papagoyenstraße a multi-storey residential building existed, which also contained a flat for the rabbi. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, pp. 129f.)

Phönix AG, Hannoversche Straße Hannoversche Straße 88
www.geschichtomat.de/orte/geschichten

Rubber factory founded in 1856 by the Cohen brothers with a comprehensive range of products from rubber shoes to toys and technical products.

Laufgraben 37
www.geschichtomat.de/orte/geschichten

Since 1934, there were Hakhshara training courses in home economics at the Girls’ Orphanage Institute. There, girls prepared for emigration to Palestine.

Grünestraße 5 [Gademannstraße 10]
Magdalena Gehring, Modern Jewish Social Work. The Israelite-Humanitarian Women’s Association

Founded in 1860, the Israelite Congregational School was able to move to the building donated by Isaak Hartwig von Essen on Grünestaße in 1840, from where it moved to Palmaille 27 in 1927. In 1938, the school had to be forcibly dissolved. The building in Grünestraße was used by Jewish institutions even after the school was relocated, including a children’s day care centre. The owner was the Israelitisch-humanitärer Frauenverein [Israelite-Humanitarian Association of Women]. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, pp. 131f.)

Herrlichkeit

In the private house of Elijah Aboab Cardoso there was a prayer room used by the Portuguese congregation since 1627. Furthermore, a Mazzoth oven and a mikveh were housed here. (See: Hendrik Althoff, Das jüdische Zentrum Hamburgs. Jüdisches Leben in der Hamburger Alt- und Neustadt vom 16. bis ins frühe 20. Jahrhundert, Hamburg 2020, p. 5.)

[today: Hoheschulstraße]
Alexandra Klei, Local Remembrance. The Sephardic Synagogue on Altona’s Bäckerstraße

The synagogue of the Portuguese congregation Neve Shalom was consecrated in 1771 in a backyard in what was formerly Bäckerstraße (today: Hoheschulstraße). From 1887 it continued to be used by the High German Israelite Congregation. Today there are apartment buildings here and nothing indicates that a synagogue stood here.

Unnapark

Paul Gerson Unna opened a private skin clinic, the Dermatologicum, in Hamburg-Eimsbüttel in 1884. Later, together with Paul Beiersdorf and Oscar Troplowitz, he was involved in the development of the Nivea cream.

Hartungstraße 9–11
Barbara Müller-Wesemann, Self-Assertion and Spiritual Resistance. The History of the Jewish Community Center in Hamburg

The Society for Jewish Folklore was founded in 1898 on the initiative of the Henry Jones-Lodge B’nai B’rith, and from 1904 it was based in the Lodge Home in Hartungstraße, where events and exhibitions were held. One of its aims was to found a “Museum of Jewish Folklore”.

Neuer Wall 17–23
Julie Grimmeisen, Haute Couture from Israel. Designer Galia Lahav and Hamburg’s Past as a Place for Jewish Fashion Houses

Specialist shop for women’s clothing founded in 1893, which also had branches in Bremen, Lübeck, Hannover and Leipzig.

Langenhorst 7

The sports facility in Lokstedt was leased by “Blau-Weiß” [Blue-White] from 1936 onwards; it was located in the immediate vicinity of the “Schild” facility and served, among others, as a training ground for the football section of the Zionist-oriented club. (See: Jüdischer Sport, in: Jüdisches Hamburg, ed. by Landeszentrale für Politische Bildung in Hamburg / Referat für Christlich-Jüdischen Dialog der Ev.-Luth. Kirche in Norddeutschland beim Zentrum für Mission und Ökumene – Nordkirche weltweit, Hamburg 2021, pp. 35–37.)

Colonnaden 41
Erik Petry, Jewish Martial Arts. Hamburg’s Sports Club “Schild”

This was the office of the Schild sports group, which had been founded by the Hamburg chapter of the Reich Association of Jewish War Veterans in the summer of 1933.

Kurzer Kamp 6

In 1931, the Mendelson Israel Foundation was established here with free apartments for Jewish and Christian residents. For this purpose, the wills of Theodor Mendelson and the married couple Philipp and Henriette Israel were combined and transferred to an independent foundation. During National Socialism, the building was used as a "Judenhaus". In 1945 it fell to the Vaterstädtische Stiftung, and in 1951 it had to be demolished due to dilapidation.

Kielortallee 13

Synagogue of the East Jewish Association Adas Jeschorim, inaugurated in 1929 (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, p. 93.)

[today: Bernstorffstraße 69]
www.geschichtomat.de/orte/geschichten

The prayer room of the Eastern Jewish Association Adat Yisroel was established in 1920 and had to be sold in 1942.

Steindamm 77

This private synagogue was located in a flat and had been housed in Steindamm since 1912 at the latest, previously in Lindenstraße 45/47. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, pp. 96f.)

Lindenstraße 45–47

The private synagogue continued to exist on Steindamm from 1912. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, pp. 96f.)

Gluckstraße 7–9

After a reconstruction of the buildings under the direction of the architect Semmy Engel, the synagogue Sheves Achim was inaugurated in 1920. In 1939 the property had to be sold by force. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, pp. 95f.)

Deichstraße

The private synagogue, initially set up by Jacob J. Levy in his residence in Deichstraße, was moved to what was formerly Wilhelminenstraße in 1892 and moved from there to the Grindelviertel at the beginning of the 20th century, initially to Rutschbahn and later to Heinrich-Barth-Straße. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, p. 74.)

[today: Hein-Hoyer-Straße]

Location of the synagogue from 1892

Rutschbahn 24

Location of the synagogue as of the end of March 1912

Heinrich-Barth-Straße 15

Location of the synagogue from 1913 (It was closed soon afterwards, as there were already other synagogues in the neighbourhood.)

[today: Neuer Steinweg 16a]

Built in 1788 as the first synagogue building in Hamburg by the Altona congregation. The complex also included a community hall, a rabbi’s apartment and a mikvah. After the dissolution of the triple congregation Altona, Hamburg, Wandsbek (AHW) in 1812, the Hamburg congregation took over the synagogue and continued to use it until 1906. The building was demolished, today an office complex is to be found here. (See: Hendrik Althoff, Das jüdische Zentrum Hamburgs. Jüdisches Leben in der Hamburger Alt- und Neustadt vom 16. bis ins frühe 20. Jahrhundert, Hamburg 2020, p. 6.)

Heinrich-Barth-Straße 3–5
Maja Hultman, The Heinrich Barth Straße Synagogue and the Transnational Links between Stockholm and Hamburg

From 1885, the Kelilath Jofi and Agudath Yesharim associations jointly maintained a synagogue in this residential building, which had previously been located in the Neustadt district. Due to its location, the synagogue was not destroyed during the pogroms, but was forcibly dissolved in 1939. Parts of the interior were shipped to Stockholm in 1939 and became part of the Orthodox synagogue Adat Yeshurun.

Hoheluftchaussee 25

In 1909, a synagogue for the Kelilath Jofi and Agudath Jescharim associations, designed by Semmy Engel and located in the courtyard, was inaugurated here; the interior furnishings were partly taken from the Elbstraße synagogue. During the Second World War, the buildings were destroyed by bombs. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, pp. 94f.)

Kohlhöfen 18

Here existed the first representative synagogue building in Hamburg that was not located in a pure backyard location: The synagogue of the German-Israelite congregation was built in the years 1857–59 by the architect Alfred Rosengarten; after the synagogue had lost importance due to many Jews moving away from the Neustadt, it was to be sold to the city as early as 1914, a step that finally took place only in 1934. The building was demolished; today nothing reminds us of the former main synagogue of the Jewish congregation. Parts of the synagogue pews are said to have been given to a Belgian synagogue association and to the synagogue in Wandsbek. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, pp. 51–55.)

Markusstraße
Constanze Kolbe, Ruben Maleachi’s Visit to the Portuguese Sephardi Synagogue in Hamburg and Sephardic-Ashkenazic Relations in Early Twentieth-Century Hamburg
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“The Portuguese Sephardic Synagogue was located on Markusstrasse and had been in use since the mid-19th century. The temple formed the ritual center of the Portuguese Sephardic congregation, which had come to Hamburg in the 17th century. The religious traditions of the congregation in Hamburg were similar to the traditions of the congregations in Amsterdam, as rabbinic scholars and cantors usually came from Amsterdam. The Portuguese Jews constituted the earliest Jewish presence in the city, and they were later joined by Ashkenazic Jews.” (From: Constanze Kolbe, Ruben Maleachi’s Visit to the Portuguese Sephardi Synagogue in Hamburg and Sephardic-Ashkenazic Relations in Early Twentieth-Century Hamburg, in: Key Documents of German-Jewish History, 12.06.2018.)

[today: Kirchenstraße 1]
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The synagogue of the High-German Israelite Congregation of Altona at Papagoyenstraße 5-9 (today Kirchenstraße) was consecrated in 1684. After being destroyed in 1713, it was rebuilt in 1716 and existed until 1938. Today, a memorial plaque commemorates the synagogue’s former location.

Königsreihe
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History: The synagogue of the Wandsbek congregation, a plain brick building with round-arched windows, was consecrated in the summer of 1840. It was located in a backyard of Langereihe 13–16, today’s Königsreihe. In the early 1930s, the Wandsbek congregation numbered about 200. Under the pressure of persecution by the National Socialists, congregational life had to cease in October 1938. In the pogrom night of November 9, the Wandsbek synagogue was desecrated. In February 1939, the synagogue property was sold by force. The building was converted into a lumberyard. The building was demolished in 1975. Memorial: A residential building now stands on the site of the former synagogue. Opposite this residential building in Dotzauerweg, the Wandsbek district assembly placed a memorial stone in 1988 to commemorate the former Jewish congregation and synagogue in Wandsbek.

Hohe Weide 34
www.jghh.org

In autumn 1945, about 80 surviving Hamburg Jews came together to found a new Jewish community. For the following years, rooms in Kielortallee 22 served as a prayer house until the newly built synagogue in Hohe Weide 34 was inaugurated in 1960. Above the entrance, the verse (Psalm, 122:7) reads in Hebrew script: "May there be peace within Your walls and happiness in Your palaces". In addition to two prayer rooms, the synagogue houses a kosher kitchen, a mikveh (Jewish ritual immersion bath), and premises for numerous community activities. Furthermore, there is a flat for the rabbi, the cantor and a caretaker at this address. Today, the congregation has over 2,300 members.

Neuer Steinweg 24–28

This was the site of the oldest synagogue of the German-Israelite congregation of Hamburg, which was established there in 1654 in a backyard. The neighboring houses were also owned by the congregation until 1859 and housed, among others, a women’s bath. The synagogue was abandoned in favor of the Kohlhöfen synagogue in 1859. An emergency cemetery had been located behind the synagogue since 1814. Today, a memorial plaque on the Ohlsdorf Jewish cemetery commemorates those buried in Neuer Steinweg during the French occupation. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, pp. 59–61.)

Marktstraße

The Synagogue was inaugurated in September 1874. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, p. 74.)

Hinter dem Blauen Turm [Rathausmarkt]
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This synagogue, used by the Altona congregation since 1719, was probably the first synagogue in the Hamburg area. It was used until 1790.

Wohlers Allee 62
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The synagogue of the Eastern Jewish association Aba Torah existed from 1928 to 1938.

Innocentiastraße 37

The residential building at Innocentiastraße 37 was used for services until the end of 1939. The building had been rented in 1935 and could be used as a synagogue by the approx. 150 members of the Portuguese community after a remodeling. Above the entrance it reads: "Holy congregation of the Sephardim Bet Israel - Near is God to all who call upon him". Borrowed from the word Sefarad (Hebrew: Spain), the designation "Sephardic Jews" points to the original Iberian origin.
After the free choice of housing for Jews was largely abolished in 1939, the Nazis began the forced relocation to the so-called Judenhäuser. They were used for ghettoisation and as assembly points for deportation. The building in Innocentiastraße was also used for these purposes from 1941.

Dreckwall [Alter Wall 48/49]
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The first prayer hall of the Portuguese Jews had been located at Dreckwall [Alter Wall 48/49] since 1612. In 1833, they sold the property to the German-Israelite congregation, which built a new synagogue there, which was later destroyed in the Great Fire.

Eißendorfer Straße 15
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As early as 1690, there is evidence of a Jewish congregation in Harburg / Wilhelmsburg through the establishment of a cemetery. Since 1862 there was a corresponding synagogue. During the Nazi era, many Jews emigrated, which is why services were no longer held in the Harburg synagogue after 1936. In the context of the November pogroms in 1938, SA men destroyed the entrance doors and the interior furnishings on November 10. In 1941 the building was demolished. In the post-war period, apartments were built on the former site. Since 1988, the portal of the synagogue has been reconstructed on the outer façade of one of these apartment blocks, and its history is explained on two memorial plaques. (See: Mahnmal für die ehemalige Harburger Synagoge, in: Gedenkstätten in Hamburg. Zur Erinnerung an die NS-Verbrechen, https://gedenkstaetten-in-hamburg.de/gedenkstaetten/zeige/mahnmal-fuer-die-ehemalige-harburger-synagoge [14.10.2021].)

Mühlenstraße

Possibly the first synagogue of the Ashkenazi Jews was consecrated here in 1647, after 1682 it was probably further used by the Portuguese Jews. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, pp. 126f.)

[today: Neanderstraße 28]

This was the first location of the Talmud-Torah School, founded in 1805 as a school for the poor. The originally religious education was supplemented by secular subjects from the 1820s onwards. In the following years, the school was recognized as an elementary school and eventually a Realschule; it moved several times. (See: Hendrik Althoff, Das jüdische Zentrum Hamburgs. Jüdisches Leben in der Hamburger Alt- und Neustadt vom 16. bis ins frühe 20. Jahrhundert, Hamburg 2020, p. 9.)

Kohlhöfen

This was the second location of the Talmud-Torah School until it moved to the Grindelviertel in 1911. (See: Hendrik Althoff, Das jüdische Zentrum Hamburgs. Jüdisches Leben in der Hamburger Alt- und Neustadt vom 16. bis ins frühe 20. Jahrhundert, Hamburg 2020, p. 9.)

Alter Steinweg 42
Philipp Lenhard, The Hamburg Temple Controversy. Continuity and a New Beginning in Dibere Haberith

In 1817, the liberal New Israelite Temple Association was founded in Hamburg, which had maintained a synagogue in Alter Steinweg since 1818. In 1842, construction began on the temple in Poolstraße.

Hofgebäude Poolstraße 12 / 13
Philipp Lenhard, The Hamburg Temple Controversy. Continuity and a New Beginning in Dibere Haberith
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On September 5, 1844, the New Israelite Temple was consecrated in the backyard of Poolstraße 12 / 13. Since the founding of the Temple Association in 1817, the number of members had increased to such an extent that the previous prayer room had become too small. The new rooms now had 380 seats for men and 260 for women. Many of the founding members and chairmen of the Temple Association were educated and wealthy Hamburg Jews such as the banker Salomon Heine. The association felt it belonged to Reform Judaism, which practiced an approach to the ritual laws of Judaism adapted to modern life. The desire for reform was reflected in the design of the temple, which differed from conventional synagogue buildings by, among other things, a common entrance for men and women and the relocation of the Torah lectern to the east side. This also included the choice of the term temple instead of synagogue. In 1931, the last service was held in the New Temple in Poolstraße; the building, which was constructed in the neoclassical architectural style, was thereafter only used by the members as a magazine. In the meantime, many Jews had moved to the area around the Grindelviertel, near which the association was able to inaugurate the New Temple in Oberstraße in the same year. Apart from some parts of the building (apse and front), the temple in Poolstraße was destroyed by a bomb in 1944. In 2020, the city of Hamburg bought the site on which the walls of the temple are located. Since 2004, a Liberal Jewish Community has been existing in Hamburg, which sees itself as the successor institution of the Temple Association.

Oberstraße 120
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The house of worship of the New Israelite Temple Association was consecrated on August 30, 1931. It was the last synagogue to be built in Hamburg before the National Socialists came to power. Liberal Judaism celebrated its services here, which differ from Orthodox Judaism in that some parts of the liturgy are in German and musical instruments are used. The temple had room for 1,200 worshippers. After the November pogrom of 1938, the temple was forced to close, but the New Israelite Temple Association continued to celebrate its services in the lodge hall of the B'nai B'rith Order in Hartungstraße until 1942. In 1941, the temple had to be forcibly sold to the city for little more than the value of the land.
After the war, the synagogue building, which had been misused for years, was acquired by the neighbouring broadcasting company, the predecessor of today's North German Broadcasting Corporation (NDR), and converted into the Great Broadcasting Hall in 1950; the interior of the synagogue was largely changed in the process. At the turn of the millennium, the building, whose exterior has been largely preserved, was converted into a modern, technically radio studio with an impressive overall design by adding a sophisticated concert hall.
On the steps in front of the building, there has been a monument by the artist Doris Waschk-Balz since 1983. Standing in front of it, viewers look at the former temple as if through a frame. Within this frame, a torn Torah curtain and a broken Torah scroll point to the destruction of Jewish life. In the entrance portal of the building, a menorah (an ancient Hebrew lampstand) can be seen in the window.

Admiralitätsstraße 71–72
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Joseph Rappolt and Julius Oppenheim founded the company Oppenheim & Rappolt in 1862, which produced rubberised coats and men’s clothing. From 1891, the company was located at Admiralitätsstraße 71/72. After Julius Oppenheimer left as co-owner in 1892, the company, now renamed Rappolt&Söhne [Rappolt&Sons], was located at Mönckebergstraße 11–13.

Mönckebergstraße 11–13
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Joseph Rappolt and Julius Oppenheim founded the company Oppenheim & Rappolt in 1862, which produced rubberised coats and men’s clothing. From 1891, the company was located at Admiralitätsstraße 71/72. After Julius Oppenheimer retired as co-owner in 1892, the company’s headquarters were moved in 1912 to an office building built by the architect Fritz Höge at Mönckebergstraße 11–13: the Rappolt House for Men’s Fashion. The company was “aryanised” during the National Socialist era. Since the 1980s, the Rappolt House has been commemorated by a historicised inscription in the main portal.

Alstertor

The Thalia Theater was acquired in 1894 by the opera singer Bernhard Pollini (1838-1897), born Baruch Pohl in Cologne, and managed by him until his death. (See: Hendrik Althoff, Das jüdische Zentrum Hamburgs. Jüdisches Leben in der Hamburger Alt- und Neustadt vom 16. bis ins frühe 20. Jahrhundert, Hamburg 2020, pp. 16f.)

Weidenallee

In March 1934, the German-Israelite Congregation set up a training workshop for carpenters and locksmiths here. The craft training was intended to prepare for emigration to Palestine.

Rutschbahn 11a
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A Klaus designates a place for Jewish study and prayer. The Vereinigte Alte und Neue Klaus in the rear courtyard of Rutschbahn 11, inaugurated on 28 September 1905, provided the members of the German-Israelite community with a synagogue and teaching hall. The teaching and study building offered space for a total of 160 worshippers, with the 40 women's seats located in a barred gallery. As early as 1910, a second study room was added to the Klaus, where classes could be held and Talmud and Torah studies could be conducted. The kosher butcher’s shop "Moritz Israel" had been housed in the front building since 1902, and in 1930 Beer Lambig’s Jewish bookshop moved in. The Vereinigte Alte und Neue Klaus was designed by the architect Semmy Engel, who was also involved in the construction of the Bornplatz synagogue.

Feldbrunnenstraße 58
Johannes Gerhardt, The Kaiser, Dignitaries, and the Press as Guests of Albert Ballin

“In 1908, Albert Ballin commissioned a villa designed by Werner Lundt and Georg Kallmorgen to be built on Feldbrunnenstraße. The architects, who were considered particularly modern at the time, designed a residence ornamented with columns combining early 20th century Reform Architecture with motives from classicist country house architecture.” (From: Johannes Gerhardt, The Kaiser, Dignitaries, and the Press as Guests of Albert Ballin [translated by Insa Kummer], in: Key Documents of German-Jewish History, 22.09.2016.)

Ferdinandstraße 75

Originally the Moses M. Warburg banking house was located in Altona, but today the building stands in the city centre at Ferdinandstraße 75. It was founded in 1798 by the brothers Moses Marcus Warburg and Gerson Warburg. They used the profits from their father's money-lending and pawn exchange business as starting capital. The two brothers were very different: Moses Warburg was considered energetic and was an Orthodox Jew, while Gerson Warburg is said to lead a rather restless life. Their relationship was not always easy. However, their banking house was able to establish itself despite disputes and competition. After the death of the founders, Moses Warburg's daughter, Sara Warburg, took over the bank. The banking house M.M. Warburg & Co. still exists today.

Heilwigstraße 116
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Aby M. Warburg (1866–1929), a scion of the Jewish banking family, was not drawn to the world of finance, unlike his brothers, but to the humanities. He became an important art historian and passionate collector of cultural studies literature. In order to enable the public to use his enormous collection of books, he had a library building with an oval reading room built at Heilwigstraße 116, next to his home, in 1926. In 1933, a move of the 60,000 volumes to London was organised, thus saving them from the National Socialists. Today, the library is affiliated to the Warburg Institute at the University of London, which is esteemed worldwide. The building in Heilwigstraße was acquired by the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg in 1993 and restored in accordance with the preservation order. The Aby Warburg Foundation maintains the building and promotes events and research that tie in with the academic work of the library's founder.

Rissener Landstraße 127

In 1924, the Gotthold family donated the Wilhelminenhöhe vacation and children’s home in memory of Wilhelmine Gotthold (née Mayer). Since 1933, Hakhshara courses were also held on the grounds; in 1941, the property had to be forcibly sold.

Raboisen

The small school was founded by the Masonic Lodge for the promotion of destitute (Jewish) youth in the spirit of the Enlightenment, it was directed by Dr. Heinrich Würtzer, and existed from 1793 to 1808. (See: Irmgard Stein, Jüdische Baudenkmäler in Hamburg, Hamburg 1984, pp. 20f.)

Beneckestraße

As part of the Hakhshara infrastructure in Hamburg, the Zionist organisation Hechalutz ran the Bet Chaluz youth hostel in Beneckestrasse from June 1932, which became an important centre of youth culture.

[today: Neanderstraße]
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In the 2nd Elbstraße, where Jews had residential rights since 1775, the so-called “Judenbörse” existed from 1800 to 1935, a daily street market with small traders. A plaque in today’s Neanderstraße recalls the history of this place.